High blood pressure is a chronic disease characterized by continuous elevation of circulatory arterial blood pressure, and is one of the highest rates of chronic disease in China. In normal adult silence, the contraction pressure is generally less than 140 mmHg; the compression pressure is less than 90 mmHg, when the blood pressure is measured more than once a day, and after excluding temporary factors such as emotional excitement, intense exercise, the diagnosis of hypertension can be considered. Most patients do not have any disorders in the early stages, and blood pressure is often detected during physical or accidental measurements, so it is called a 'silent killer'.
Genetic factors play an important role in this, with one or both parents having high blood pressure and a significantly increased risk of developing the disease in their children. It is also important to keep in mind that long-term high-salt diets, overweight and obesity, lack of exercise, long-term mental stress and stress, smoking alcohol, sleep deprivation, and other factors increase blood pressure. In addition, age increases lead to a decrease in vascular elasticity and are an important cause of congenital hypertension.
In a small number of patients, high blood pressure is caused by kidney disease, endocrine disorders, and medications, known as relapsal hypertension, which is often younger and more difficult to control. Some patients may experience headaches, headaches, tightness of the neck, fatigue, heartburn, and other symptoms, but most can be alleviated after rest. As the disease progresses, continued elevated blood pressure damages the blood vessels and the kidneys: the heart can cause thickening of the left ventricle, coronary heart disease or even heart failure; the brain can induce bleeding, stroke; long-term hypertension in the kidneys can cause scleroderma, decreased kidney function; and diseases of the retina of the eye affecting vision.
Therefore, the risk of hypertension is not in the blood pressure values themselves, but in the long-term damage to the heart, brain, and other organs. Patients should rest quietly for five minutes after the measurement, which can be diagnosed three times a day. After the diagnosis, the doctor assesses the patient's cardiovascular risk and arranges cardiac electrocardiograms, cardiac ultrasound, urinary function, urinary routine, under-eye examinations, etc.
, as necessary, to determine whether the coronary organs are damaged and to screen for the possibility of recurrent high blood pressure. Treatment of hypertension emphasizes 'long-term, steady, individualized'. Lifestyle interventions are basic, including limiting salt intake (not more than 6 grams of salt per day), balanced diet, weight control, regular oxygen movement, cessation of smoking limits, and ensuring sleep and mood stability.
On this basis, most patients need to take pressure-reducing medications. Common pressure-reducing medications include channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor inhibitors, urea, β-receptor inhibitors, and other medications that are appropriate for the patient's age, complications, and tolerance. It is important to emphasize that pressure-reducing treatment must be maintained for a long time, and blood pressure can't be stopped or reduced on its own because of normal blood pressure, otherwise blood pressure fluctuations can cause greater damage to the blood vessels.
Although hypertension can't be completely cured, it can be completely controlled through regulation. As long as you adhere to medication, monitor blood pressure regularly, maintain a healthy lifestyle, the life expectancy and quality of life of the patient is not much different from that of the general population. Daily should develop the habit of self-testing blood pressure early and late and record, regularly visit the hospital and have the doctor adjust the regimen according to the blood pressure level.
If there are severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, blurred eyes, chest pain, body weakness warning symptoms, should be alerted to high blood pressure, immediately to the doctor.
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