Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease that mainly affects the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, optic nerve). Normally, the spinal cord is wrapped in an insulating membrane that ensures rapid transmission of nerve impulses; the immune system in patients with multiple sclerosis attacks their own spinal cord by mistake, causing demyelinating disorders, and the transmission of neural signals is blocked, resulting in multiple neuronal dysfunction. The disease is more common in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40, with a female incidence of about 2-3 times that of men, and is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases of young adults.
The exact cause of multiple sclerosis is not entirely clear, and is thought to be the result of a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Genetically, the disease has a family aggregation associated with several immune-related genes; environmental factors such as vitamin D deficiency, EB, viruses, smoking infections are considered to be risk factors. When the immune system is abnormally activated, immune cells such as T cells pass through the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system, attacking fewer neurotransmitter cells and myeloma, forming inflammatory myeloma plaques, while causing damage to the spinal cord, resulting in dysfunction.
The clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis vary depending on the location of myeloma. Common symptoms include: visual impairment: optic neuropathy, loss of vision, reduced eye pain, visual impairment; impotence, numbness, needle sensation, or strain sensation of the spinal cord; balance disorders; dysfunction of the urinary bladder; urinary incontinence; urinary incontinence; difficulty urinating); Fatigue (one of the most common and influential symptoms); cognitive decline; mood disorders, etc. Typical seizures are often acute or sub-acute, lasting from a few weeks to a few weeks, and mitigation symptoms can partially or completely recover, with a 're-occurrence-mitigation' pathway, with a gradual increase in the number of recurrences.
Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis depends on clinical performance, magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory examination. Head and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be seen to cause multiple myeloma, T2 signals, Gd-reinforced stimulating active pathogen), is an important basis for diagnosis; spinal cord examination finds positive support for the diagnosis of oligiclonal bands. Induced electrolysis can detect subclinical pathogens.
Other diseases that cause myeloma need to be ruled out, such as waterway protein 4 antibody-positive neuropolytic spectral disorders. Treatment of multiple sclerosis is divided into acute period therapy and disease-correcting therapy. In acute period relapses, high doses of glucocorticoid shock therapy are commonly used to shorten the duration of seizures, promote recovery, but not change the long-term course of the disease.
Disease-correcting therapy (DMT) is a long-term treatment core aimed at reducing recurrence, delaying the progression of disability, commonly used medications including interferon beta, triglyceride, phingomodine, anti-inflammatory and anti-auricular drugs have been emerging in recent years, with significant improvements in efficacy and convenience, with individualized selection based on the severity, frequency of recurrence and patient situation. The individual prognosis for multiple sclerosis varies widely, with most patients experiencing relapse-mitigating, early-regulatory disease-correcting treatments that significantly reduce the risk of relapse and disability progression. Patients should adhere to regulation, regular follow-up, avoid infection, fatigue, and other inducements, and maintain good mental health and healthy lifestyles.
As new drugs are being developed, long-term prognosis for multiple sclerosis patients is continuously improving.
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